History
The Indus River (with the Tibetan and Sanskrit name of Sindhu), is great trans-Himalayan river of South Asia. It is one of the longest rivers in the world, with a length of some 2,000 miles (3,200 km). The river’s annual flow is about 58 cubic miles (243 cubic km)—twice that of the Nile River and three times that of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers combined. The earliest chronicles and hymns of the Aryan peoples of ancient India, the Rigveda, composed about 1500 BCE, mention the river, which is the source of the country’s name.
The river rises in the southwestern Tibet Autonomous Region of China at an elevation of about 18,000 feet (5,500 metres), crosses the southeastern boundary of Kashmir at about 15,000 feet (4,600 metres) and enters the Kohistan region of Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, fed by mighty glaciers on the slopes of the Karakoram Range, the Nanga Parbat massif, and the Kohistan highlands.
The Kabul River joins the Indus just above Attock, where the Indus flows at an elevation of 2,000 feet (600 metres) and is crossed by the first bridge carrying rail and road. Finally, it cuts across the Salt Range near Kalabagh to enter the Punjab Plain where it receives its most-notable tributaries from the eastern Punjab Plain. These five rivers—the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—give the name Punjab (“Five Rivers”).
It flows through the plain in western and southern Punjab province in Pakistan at an elevation of about 260 feet (80 metres). Because it moves so slowly across the plain, it deposits accumulated silt on its bed, which is thus raised above the level of the sandy plain; indeed, most of the plain in Sindh province in Pakistan has been built up by alluvium laid down by the Indus.
Near Tatta the Indus branches into distributaries that form a delta and join the Arabian Sea at various points south-southeast of Karachi. The delta covers an area of 3,000 square miles (7,800 square km) or more (and extends along the coast for about 130 miles (210 km).
The Indus river gave birth to the Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium BCE.
Kerem was born and raised in Karachi (of Turkish parents) at the intersection of the desert and the sea. This fund, with its ambition to affect the lives of those that are one of the elemental blocks of American society, is named after the world that is in his marrow.